vim使用

vim使用

编写时间：

安装参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33505303/article/details/68131862?locationNum=15&fps=1

http://www.cnblogs.com/Harley-Quinn/p/6418070.html

使用参考：2018.4.14 9：49

https://ask.csdn.net/questions/222772

http://www.cnblogs.com/yongjiuzhizhen/p/4793498.html

https://ask.helplib.com/others/post_5107081

本人目前使用ubuntu16.04系统,以前使用vim编写代码，自动补全功能，语法检查功能很差劲，网上查询得矢YouCompleteMe使用clang技术很不错，于是决定使用YouCompleteMe。初步使用感觉还不错。本篇先介绍下YouCompleteMe的安装和与vim的使用。

编译的安装基本参考上面的连接中的

由于系统自带的vim不支持，我们下载并编译最新vim8.0进行使用。

首先要卸载系统自带的vim相关的软件

sudo apt-get remove vim vim-runtime gvim vim-tiny vim-common vim-gui-common vim-nox

下载vim

wget https://codeload.github.com/vim/vim/tar.gz/v8.0.1704

安装编译vim依赖库

sudo apt-get install libpython-dev libpython3-dev liblua5.2-dev ruby2.3-dev libperl-dev

编译前配置vim

./configure --with-features=huge --enable-rubyinterp --enable-pythoninterp --with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/ --enable-perlinterp --enable-gui=gtk2 --enable-cscope --prefix=/usr --enable-luainterp  --x-includes=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.3.0

编译安装vim

make VIMRUNTIMEDIR=/usr/share/vim/vim80 && make install

安装Vundle

为什么要先安装Vundle?Vundle是vim的一种插件，通过Vundle可以方便的安装安装vim的其它插件，就像你用ubuntu安装软件使用apt-get工具一样。下面会讲到怎么在Vundle中安装YouCompleteMe。

git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

修改配置文件

新建在linux的home目录下新建文件.vimrc，写入以下内容：

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
filetype off                  " required
"设置Vundle的运行路径并初始化
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" Vundle安装位置与插件路径不同时，需要Vundle插件的路径
"call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')
"------------------要安装的插件不能写在此行前！------------------

"Vundle对自己的调用，不可删去
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'

"以下是所支持的各种不同格式的示例
"需要安装的插件应写在调用的vundle#begin和vundle#end之间

"如果插件托管在Github上，写在下方，只写作者名/项目名就行了

Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline'

"如果插件来自vim-scripts(官方)，写插件名就行了
" Plugin 'L9'

"如果Git仓库不在Github上，需要提供完整的链接
" Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'

"本地的插件需要提供文件路径
" Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
"一定要确保插件就在提供路径的文件夹中(没有子文件夹，直接在这层目录下)

"运行时目录的路径
"Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}

"避免插件间的命名冲突
"Plugin 'ascenator/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}

"------------------要安装的插件不能写在此行后！------------------
call vundle#end()            " required
filetype plugin indent on    " required
"要忽略插件缩进更改，请改用：
"filetype plugin on
"
" 安装插件的相关指令
":PluginList            - 列出已安装插件
":PluginInstall         - 安装新添加的插件;添加`!`或使用`:PluginUpdate`来更新已安装插件
":PluginSearch xxx      - 寻找名字带有xxx的插件;添加`!`刷新本地缓存
":PluginClean           - 删除已经从列表移除的插件;添加`!`静默卸载
":h                     - 帮助和说明文档 
"Vundle的设置到此为止了
"

安装YouCompleteMe

由于上面配置文件中已经有配置了YouCompleteMe了。所以我们只要执行以下命令，就可以安装YouCompleteMe和其它插件了。

:PluginInstall

配置vim头文件路径

经过上面的的配置，你已可以基本使用YouCompleteMe了。比如编写一个简单的c++,你之前使用vim编写stl相关

代码，基本不能使用自动补功能，现在试试补全的很准确，是不是感觉很神奇？？

但是如果你有多个代码，多个头文件时，如果你不经过配置，是不是会提示没有定义的类型？

YouCompleteMe已为我们提供了解决方法。

首先在.vimrc中添加如下配置

"YouCompleteMe 插件配置  
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py'  
nnoremap <leader>jd :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>  
let g:ycm_python_binary_path = '/usr/bin/python3'  
nmap<C-a> :YcmCompleter FixIt<CR>

这个配置有一项重要的配置项ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf,这个项指定的文件中可以添加头文件的路径。

修改.ycm_extra_conf.py 在这个文件中添加以下路径：

'-isystem',  
'/usr/include',  
'-isystem',  
'/usr/include/c++/5',  
'-isystem',  
'/usr/include',  
'/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++',

这个是一个比较完整的配置文件

# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
# of YouCompleteMe.
#
# Here's the license text for this file:
#
# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
#
# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
# means.
#
# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
# software under copyright law.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

import os
import ycm_core

# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
flags = [
'-Wall',
'-Wextra',
'-Werror',
'-Wno-long-long',
'-Wno-variadic-macros',
'-fexceptions',
'-DNDEBUG',
# You 100% do NOT need -DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER in your flags; only the YCM
# source code needs it.
'-DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER',
# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=<something>" flag, clang won't know which
# language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++
# headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify
# a "-std=<something>".
# For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of
# 'c++11'.
'-std=c++11',
# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
# relevant for c++ headers.
# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
'-x',
'c++',
'-isystem',
'../BoostParts',
'-isystem',
# This path will only work on OS X, but extra paths that don't exist are not
# harmful
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Headers',
#'-isystem',
#'../llvm/include',
#'-isystem',
#'../llvm/tools/clang/include',
#'-I',
#'.',
#'-I',
#'./ClangCompleter',
#'-isystem',
#'./tests/gmock/gtest',
#'-isystem',
#'./tests/gmock/gtest/include',
#'-isystem',
#'./tests/gmock',
#'-isystem',
#'./tests/gmock/include',
 '-isystem',
 '/usr/include',
 '-isystem',
 '/usr/include/c++/5.4.0',
 '-isystem',
 '/usr/include',
 '/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++',
]


# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
#
# You can get CMake to generate this file for you by adding:
#   set( CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS 1 )
# to your CMakeLists.txt file.
#
# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
compilation_database_folder = ''

if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
else:
  database = None

SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]

def DirectoryOfThisScript():
  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )


def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
  if not working_directory:
    return list( flags )
  new_flags = []
  make_next_absolute = False
  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
  for flag in flags:
    new_flag = flag

    if make_next_absolute:
      make_next_absolute = False
      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )

    for path_flag in path_flags:
      if flag == path_flag:
        make_next_absolute = True
        break

      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
        break

    if new_flag:
      new_flags.append( new_flag )
  return new_flags


def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]


def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
  # should be good enough.
  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
      replacement_file = basename + extension
      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
          replacement_file )
        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
          return compilation_info
    return None
  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )


def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
  if database:
    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
    if not compilation_info:
      return None

    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )

    # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
    # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
    # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
    try:
      final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
    except ValueError:
      pass
  else:
    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )

  return { 'flags': final_flags }

你也可以添加自已编写的的代码的头文件路径

比如我添加的：

add_include

使用vim

如果你配置没有问题你的vim已经可以初步使用了。我又添加了一些其它的功能

有高亮显示，函数列表支持，添加头文件，添加文件头之类的。

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 以下为自定义的东西
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"文件使用utf8
if v:lang =~ "utf8$" || v:lang =~ "UTF-8$"
   set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,latin1
endif
"添加颜色
syntax on

"搜索时，忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"add for status line
set laststatus=2
" 打开状态栏标尺
set ruler 
" 突出显示当前行， 当前列
" https://www.cnblogs.com/nklzj/p/6298421.html
set cursorcolumn
set cursorline
" 美化显示光标位置 （因为上面的效果是：当前行列是一条横线，）
highlight CursorLine   cterm=NONE ctermbg=black ctermfg=green guibg=NONE guifg=NONE
highlight CursorColumn cterm=NONE ctermbg=black ctermfg=green guibg=NONE guifg=NONE

" 启用高亮搜索选项
" https://www.cnblogs.com/jianyungsun/archive/2011/02/14/1954083.html
" https://blog.csdn.net/ariessurfer/article/details/8135775
" shift + "*"  向下查找并高亮显示
" shift + "#"  向上查找并高亮显示
" "g" + "d"    高亮显示光标所属单词，"n" 查找！
set hlsearch
" 停用高亮搜索选项命令：nohl
" https://blog.csdn.net/shaoshaoh/article/details/1694451


" cscope 支持
if has("cscope") && filereadable("/usr/bin/cscope")
   set csprg=/usr/bin/cscope
   set csto=0
   set cst
   set nocsverb
   " add any database in current directory
   if filereadable("cscope.out")
      cs add cscope.out
   " else add database pointed to by environment
   elseif $CSCOPE_DB != ""
      cs add $CSCOPE_DB
   endif
   set csverb
endif

"编辑规则
filetype plugin on

if &term=="xterm"
     set t_Co=8
     set t_Sb=m
     set t_Sf=m
endif

" Don't wake up system with blinking cursor:
" http://www.linuxpowertop.org/known.php
let &guicursor = &guicursor . ",a:blinkon0"
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set nu

" editor format
set autoindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set backspace=2
set incsearch
set ruler

set grepprg=grep\ -nH\ $*
let g:tex_flavor = "latex" 

" bufExplorer
let g:bufExplorerSplitBelow=1
let g:bufExplorerSortBy='name'
let g:bufExplorerSplitHorzSize=12
let g:bufExplorerUseCurrentWindow=1
let g:bufExplorerSplitOutPathName=0

" ctags & cscope options
set tags=./tags,tags
if has("cscope")
    set csprg=/usr/bin/cscope
    set csto=1
    set cst
    set cscopequickfix=s-,c-,d-,i-,t-,e-
    set nocsverb
    " add any database in current directory
    if filereadable("cscope.out")
        cs add cscope.out
    endif
    set csverb
endif

" key mappings for cscope
nmap <C-\>s :cs find s <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>g :cs find g <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>c :cs find c <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>t :cs find t <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>e :cs find e <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>f :cs find f <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>i :cs find i <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>
nmap <C-\>d :cs find d <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR> :cw<CR>

" nmap taglist
nmap <silent> <F8> <ESC>:Tlist<RETURN>
nmap <silent> <F5> <ESC>:TlistUpdate<RETURN>
" taglist options
let Tlist_Inc_Winwidth=0
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window=0
let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close=1

" txtbowser
syntax on
filetype plugin on
au Bufread,BufNewFile *.txt setlocal ft=txt

"F7 insert curent date & myname
"should use this in insert mode
imap <F7> <c-r>=strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S yangkun")<cr>

"add for python 2014-05-15 11:54:09 zhaocq
"set filetype=python
"au BufNewFile,BufRead *.py,*.pyw setf python

" add for python complete 2014-05-15 12:00:28 zhaocq
set ofu=syntaxcomplete#Complete
"use 'ctrl+x ctrx+o' to complete, ctrl+n, next; ctrl+p, previous
"esc to remove the select box
"autocmd FileType python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete
"autocmd FileType python runtime! autoload/pythoncomplete.vim

" add for minibufexploer 2014-05-15 11:58:13 zhaocq
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavVim = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavArrows = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapCTabSwitchBufs = 1
let g:miniBufExplModSelTarget = 1

" add for auto update ctags and cscope
nmap <F5> :!find . -iname '*.c' -o -iname '*.cpp' -o -iname '*.h' -o -iname '*.hpp' > cscope.files<CR>
  \:!cscope -b -i cscope.files -f cscope.out<CR>
  \:cs reset<CR>
  \:!ctags -R<CR>


set colorcolumn=80
set ff=unix


" vim markdown config
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.{md,mdown,mkd,mardown,mdwn} set filetype=mkd
set nofoldenable


" 加入注释   
func SetComment()  
    call setline(1,"/*================================================================")   
    call append(line("."),   "*   Copyright (C) ".strftime("%Y")." ZAGT Ltd. All rights reserved.")  
    call append(line(".")+1, "*   ")   
    call append(line(".")+2, "*   Filename   : ".expand("%:t"))   
    call append(line(".")+3, "*   Author     : YangKun")  
    call append(line(".")+4, "*   Email      : [email protected]")
    call append(line(".")+5, "*   Created    : ".strftime("%Y.%m.%d"))   
    call append(line(".")+6, "*   Description: ")   
    call append(line(".")+7, "*")  
    call append(line(".")+8, "================================================================*/")   
    call append(line(".")+9, "")  
    call append(line(".")+10, "")  
endfunc  
  
" 加入shell,Makefile注释  
func SetComment_sh()  
    call setline(3, "#================================================================")   
    call setline(4, "#   Copyright (C) ".strftime("%Y")." ZAGT Ltd. All rights reserved.")  
    call setline(5, "#   ")   
    call setline(6, "#   Filename     : ".expand("%:t"))   
    call setline(7, "#   Author       : YangKun")  
    call setline(8, "#   Email        : [email protected]")  
    call setline(9, "#   Created      : ".strftime("%Y.%m.%d"))   
    call setline(10, "#   Description : ")   
    call setline(11, "#")  
    call setline(12, "#================================================================")  
    call setline(13, "")  
    call setline(14, "")  
endfunc